Journal Articles

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Open Access
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic-Second Order Sliding Mode Based Fault Detection and Active Fault-Tolerant Control of Brushless DC Motor
(2021) Izzeddine Dilmi; Abderrahmen Bouguerra; Ali Djrioui; Larbi Chrifi-Alaoui
This paper addresses the detection of the short-circuit faults and the active fault tolerant control (AFTC) of the brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) based on the interval type 2 fuzzy-second order sliding mode. In this article, the main idea consists of using an algorithm to detect the fault in an electric current. This algorithm corrects the detected fault. In this study, a hybrid technique of fault tolerant control is proposed. This technique based on interval type 2 fuzzy logic and second order sliding mode. Also, it facilitates the procedures for setting and controlling the velocity of BLDCM. For that, a dynamic model for direct current has been established. Furthermore, short circuit faults have also been introduced between turns to test the robustness of the control laws. Finally, a theoretical analysis is presented and the simulations are presented in order to validate the proposed control strategy. The proposed AFTC can then achieve favorable tracking performance
Open Access
Numerical study of high‑efciency CIGS solar cells by inserting a BSF µc‑Si:H layer
(2022) Rafk Zouache; Idris Bouchama; Okba Saidani; · Layachi Djedoui; Elyazid Zaidi
In this paper, we present a simulation study of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) based solar cell using a physically based two-dimensional device simulator Silvaco-Atlas under AM1.5 illumination. First, we studied the efect of CIGS layer thickness, doping con centrations, and defects on the J–V properties and the quantum efciency (QE) of a conventional cell. The simulated structure shows an open circuit voltage equal to 0.80 V, a short circuit current density equal to 30.03 mA/cm2 , a fll factor equal to 82.77% and the obtained efciency of the conventional cell is 19.80% with CIGS absorber layer thickness of about 1.5 μm, our simulation results of the CIGS solar cell are in good agreement with the simulated and experimental results found in literature. In order to improve the solar cells efciency, the back surface feld (BSF) based on hydrogenated microcrystal line silicon μc-Si:H(p+) layer has been inserted between the back contact (Mo) and the CIGS absorber layer, in this case the structure presents an open voltage equal to 0.84 V, a short circuit current density equal to 32.55 mA/cm2 , a fll factor equal to 85.31% and an efciency of 23.42%. The obtained results demonstrate that the addition of μc-Si:H(p+) BSF layer increases the efciency of CIGS solar cells, reaching a maximum value of 23.42% for 1.5 μm of CIGS thickness and 10 nm for μc-Si:H(p+) BSF layer
Open Access
Sampling Rate Optimization for Improving the Cascaded Integrator Comb Filter Characteristics
(Université de M'sila, 2020) Raouf Amrane; Youcef Brik; Samir Zeghlache; Mohamed Ladjal; Djamel Chicouche
The cascaded integrator comb (CIC) filters are characterized by coefficient less and reduced hardware requirement, which make them an economical finite impulse response (FIR) class in many signal processing applications. They consist of an integrator section working at the high sampling rate and a comb section working at the low sampling rate. However, they don’t have well defined frequency response. To remedy this problem, several structures have been proposed but the performance is still unsatisfactory. Thence, this paper deals with the improvement of the CIC filter characteristics by optimizing its sampling rate. This solution increases the performance characteristics of CIC filters by improving the stopband attenuation and ripple as well as the passband droop. Also, this paper presents a comparison of the proposed method with some other existing structures such as the conventional CIC, the sharpened CIC, and the modified sharpened CIC filters, which has proven the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Open Access
P&O or IC for PV Pumping System: what MPPT Algorithm to Improve Performances?
(université msila, 2022) A. Harrag; A. Titraou; H. Bahri
This paper discusses the performance improvement of photovoltaic water pumping system using both P&O and IC MPPT controllers. The efficiency of both proposed MPPT controller has been studied successfully using a DC motor-pump powered by thirty six PV modules fed by DC-DC boost converter controlled using both P&O as well as IC MPPT algorithms. Comparative study results obtained using Matlab/Simulink environment show that the IC outperforms the P&O method in term of convergence speed; while the P&O method presents better performance for the steady state oscillation in case of high level insolation. In case of low level insolation (point C), the steady state oscillations around the MPP point are less in IC compared to those in P&O algorithm.
Open Access
Computational evaluation of optoelectronic, thermodynamic and electron transport properties of CuYZ2 (Z= S, Se and Te) chalcogenides semiconductors
(UNIVERSITE MSILA, 2022) Mohammed Elamin Ketf; Mohamed Issam Ziane
Due to their useful physical properties, copper-based chalcogenides materials are recently promising for numerous emerging technological fields. In photovoltaics, discovering and designing suitable materials for solar cells is a primary technical challenge. The structural, electrical, optical, and thermoelectric properties for both CuYSe2 and CuYTe2 in the hexagonal phase, as well as CuYS2 in the orthorhombic phase have been investigated using a numerical Full Potential-Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) technique based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). To compute the structural properties, both, the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) were used as exchange-correlation potentials. On the other hand, the modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) was used to compute the optoelectronic, properties with higher degree of precision. Our calculations revealed that these three compounds have indirect band gaps in the range of 0.6 eV–2.1 eV. Moreover, numerous thermoelectric qualities of the investigated compounds estimated as a function of chemical energy at different temperatures using the semi-local Boltzmann transport theory, whereby the findings exhibit a higher Seebeck coefficient for CuYS2 compared to CuYZ2(Z = Se and Te) up to 2.7 mV/K for CuYS2 at 300 K, with acceptable values of thermal and electronic conductivity. The quasi-harmonic model is used to examine thermodynamic properties such as heat capacity at constant pressure and volume, entropy, Debye temperature, and thermal expansion coefficient under both pressure and temperature influences. As a result of this study, CuYS2, CuYSe2 and CuYTe2 are promising materials for optoelectronic devices, especially as photovoltaic materials in solar cells.
Open Access
High-Sensitive Mid-Infrared Photonic Crystal Sensor Using Slotted-Waveguide Coupled-Cavity
(Université de M'sila, 2022) Hadjira Tayoub; Abdesselam Hocini; Ahlam Harhouz
Abstract|In this paper, a novel high-sensitive mid-infrared photonic crystal-based slotted-waveguide coupled-cavity sensor to behave as a refractive index sensing device is proposed at a mid-infrared wavelength of 3.9 m. We determine the sensitivity of our sensor by detecting the shift in the resonance wavelength as a function of the refractive index variations in the region around the cavity. Comparison shows that mid-infrared photonic crystal-based slotted-waveguide coupled-cavity has higher sensitivity to refractive index changes than mid-infrared photonic crystal-based slotted-waveguide. The sensitivity can be improved from 938 nm/per refractive index unit (RIU) to 1161 nm/RIU within the range of n = 1{ 1.05 with an increment of 0.01 RIU in the wavelength range of 3.3651 m to 4.1198 m by creating a microcavity within the proposed structure, calculated quality factor (Q-factor) of 1:0821 107 giving a sensor gure of merit (FOM) up to 2:917 106, and a low detection limit of 3:9 10􀀀6 RIU. Furthermore, an overall sensitivity is calculated to be around S = 1343:2 nm/RIU for the case of higher refractive indices of analytes within the range of n = 1{1.2 with an increment of 0.05 RIU. The described work and the achieved results by performing 2D- nite-difference time-domain (2D-FDTD) simulations con rm the ability to realize a commercially viable miniaturized and highly sensitive mid-infrared photonic crystal- based slotted-waveguide coupled-cavity sensor.
Open Access
Optimal PatternSynthesisofLinearAntennaArrays Using ModifiedGreyWolfOptimizationAlgorithm
(Université de M'sila, 2019) Lakhlef, Nora
The aim of this work is to show the effectiveness of a new algorithm named as modified grey wolf optimization (MGWO) algorithm to determine the optimum combination parameters values of a linear antenna array which is widely used in the communication systems. The selection part of the classical GWO has been modified by adopting the competitive exclusion selection inspired from genetic algorithm. The objective to be attained is a directional array factor with a very low level of lateral lobs. To this effect, a Gaussian function centered at 90° with the total absence of secondary lobs is considered as a desired diagram in our simulation. To matches the desired pattern as closely as possible, we considered the optimization of interspacing elements, weights amplitude and phase excitation of the linear antenna array factor. It has been demonstrated that the performance of a printed linear antenna array depends on all parameters, in which simultaneous optimization is imperative to maximize its characteristics. The obtained results show the effectiveness and the flexibility of the proposed algorithm in terms of minimized lateral lobe level compared to PSO algorithm and the convergence speed towards the desired solution.
Open Access
Effect of the electric field induced birefringence on the slab waveguide evanescent‑wave sensor sensitivity
(Université de M'sila, 2022) A. Cherouana; A. Bencheikh; I. Bouchama
We have investigated the potential of using the E-field induced birefringence for improving the sensitivity of uniaxial anisotropic slab waveguide sensor based on evanescent wave interactions. LiNbO3 waveguide core was used as an example. We have calculated the sensor sensitivity formulas for the two kinds of modes propagating simultaneously in the waveguide sensor. In our study, we have distinguished between two different cases. The first case when the electric field is applied along the optic axis (+c) of the LiNbO3 wave guiding film (positive electric field); the second case when the electric field is applied opposite to the optic axis (−c) of such uniaxial crystal (negative electric field). The obtained results showed that, for positive electric field, increasing the electric field induces an increasing of the total anisotropy which causes decreasing on sensor sensitivity. However, for negative electric field, the increase of absolute values of negative electric field induces a decrease of the total anisotropy, the latter increases the sensor sensitivity. On the other hand, the study of the physical parameters on the sensor sensitivity showed that, to maximize the sensor sensitivity, it is advisable to use isotropic substrate that has a refractive index as closer as possible to the measurand index.
Open Access
Ultracompact gas-sensor based on a 2D photonic crystal waveguide incorporating with tapered microcavity
(Université de M'sila, 2021) A Harhouz
In this study, a new ultra compact gas-sensor, based on a 2D photonic crystal waveguide incorporating with tapered microcavity, is designed to detect small refractive index changes. The refractive index (RI) sensor is formed by a point-defect resonant cavity in the sandwiched waveguide on Si slab with triangular lattice. The properties of the sensor are simulated by using the plane wave expansion (PWE) method and the finite-difference timedomain (FDTD) algorithm. The transmission spectra of the sensor with different ambient refractive indices ranging from n = 1.0 to n = 1.01 are calculated. The calculation results show that a change in ambient refractive index of Δn=1×10-4is apparent. The proposed sensor achieves a sensitivity (Δλ/Δn) of 523.2 nm/RIU. It was found that the resonance wavelength is a linear function of the refractive index in under study range. The sensor is appropriate for detecting homogeneous media
Open Access
Efficient method for constructing optimized long binary spreading sequences
(Université de M'sila, 2021) Sabrina Boukerma
In this paper, we propose an efficient method for generating two types of novel optimized long binary spreading sequences (OLBSS) with improved autocorrelation function (ACF) properties. The first type is constructed from concatenated short binary subsequences belonging to the same code family, such as Walsh Hadamard and Gold subsequences, provided that their crosscorrelation functions (CCFs) have good properties. The second category uses the same subsequences but which are rather interlaced. Here, the number and size of the subsequences are related to the chosen length of the final constructed long sequence and the desired performances. The realization of the OLBSSs is achieved using two different optimization techniques, namely, the genetic algorithms (GAs) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. The simulation results, based on MATLAB tool, have shown that the proposed long sequences, composed of Walsh–Hadamard subsequences and optimized by the GA, have better ACF properties compared to the original Gold, Weil, and random sequences of the same length
Open Access
Experimental validation of adaptive RBFNN global fast dynamic terminal sliding mode control for twin rotor MIMO system against wind effects
(Université de M'sila, 2021) Mohammed Zinelaabidine Ghellab
In this paper, an Adaptive RBFNN global fast dynamic terminal sliding mode control (ARBFNNGFDTSMC) is designed to situate the main and tail angles of a twin rotor MIMO system (TRMS). The control objective is to stabilize the TRMS in a reference position or follow a predefined trajectory. An adaptive RBFNN has been used in order to identified unknown nonlinear dynamics of the TRMS. In addition, another adaptive control expressions has been added to diminish the wind gusts, external disturbance effects, and to compensate the estimation errors of the adaptive RBFNN. Moreover, the stability analysis in closed-loop is assured by using Lyapunov method. The developed controller is applied to the TRMS with cross coupling between tail and main subsystems without decoupling procedure. Experimental results prove the good control tracking performance in presence of wind gusts and external disturbances.
Open Access
Speed control of induction motor with broken bars using sliding mode control (SMC) based to on type-2 fuzzy logic controller (T2FLC)
(Université de M'sila, 2021) Djameleddine. Djafar
The traditional control of induction motor is not enough, because it lacks robustness, especially when the demand for accuracy and other dynamic characteristics of the system are of better performance in nowadays industry. One of the most spreader problems of the induction motor that limits the performance of the speed control is the broken rotor bars. For Improving performance of the induction motor of broken rotor bars, sliding mode control based on fuzzy logic type-2 is analyzed within this research paper. Fuzzy logic is one of the methods that relay on artificial intelligence, and which does not require a mathematical model of the system as the traditional control does. Artificial intelligence is the most used one, especially when it comes to non-linear systems as the motor drive one.
Open Access
Analytical Model of Slotted Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Non-magnetic Rotor Core
(Université de M'sila, 2021) S.Mabrak; S. Chakroune; D. Khodja
In this paper, first of all the motor performance created by permanent magnetic in a slot less air-gap of a surface mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor with non magnetic rotor and either sinusoidal or mixed (quasi-Halbatch) magnetization using polar coordinates is presented. After that the analysis works for both internal and external rotor motor topologies, the effect of stator slots is introduced by modulating the magnetic field distribution in the less slot stator by the complex relative air-gap permeances and the conformal transformation of the slot geometry. Finally, the predicted results of flux density distribution and cogging torque with those obtained by finite-element are analyzed.
Open Access
Multi objective design of high efficiency induction motor using an analytical method's
(université msila, 2021) ZEGHBA Oussama; S. Chakroune; S. Belhamedi
In the final decade of the last century, there was enormous intellectual and engineering activity surrounding the recently invented induction motor, especially their efficiency increasing. The interest in improving the efficiency of electric motors stems from the fact that they represent 60 to 70% of the total industrial and commercial load. A knowledge the motors operating efficiency in an industrial plant is necessary, when deciding whether standard motors should be advantageously replaced with more efficient motors. A new approach is presented for analysis and design of closed rotor slot induction motors in this paper. The main idea is illustrated as follows: first based the computed machine parameters and motor geometry optimization will be carried out. Then, to validate the conceived machines, dynamical performance analysis will be achieved by MATLAB environment. Finally using finite element electromagnetic field analysis, the comparison results will be discussed and commented
Open Access
Design of mid infrared high sensitive metal-insulator-metal plasmonic sensor
(université msila, 2021) H. Ben salah; N. Temmar; A. Hocini, M.; D. Khedrouche
In this paper, high sensitivity plasmonic refractive index sensor based on implanted cavities in Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) waveguide is designed and analyzed using two dimensional (2D) FDTD algorithm with perfectly matched layer boundary conditions. The dimensions of the introduced single and double cavities with rectangular defect are analyzed and simulated for the best sensor performance. The results reveal in linear correlation between the resonance wavelengths of the proposed defected cavities and the refractive index of the material under testing which is placed in the active region of the sensor. Also, simulation results show that the sensor resolution of refractive index, which depends on wavelength resolution of the detection system, can reach as high as 3.84 × 10 6 RIU, equivalentely to a sensitivity of 2602.5 nm/RIU, by taking the wavelength resolution of 0.01 nm.With the achieved optimum design by considering the tradeoff between the detected power, sensitivity and structure size, the transmittance level is enhanced by 118.08% compared to the first design. The proposed sensor can be used for different interesting applications such as identification of various materials including biosensor application, by proper design.
Open Access
EFFICIENT HEART DISEASE DIAGNOSIS BASED ON TWIN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
(Université de M'sila, 2021) Youcef BRIK; Mohamed DJERIOUI; Bilal ATTALLAH
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Researchers are more interested in using machine learning techniques to help medical staff diagnose or detect heart disease early. In this paper, we propose an efficient medical decision support system based on twin support vector machines (Twin-SVM) for heart disease diagnosing with binary target (i.e. presence or absence of disease). Unlike conventional support vector machines (SVM) that finds only one optimal hyper-plane for separating the data points of first class from those of second class, which causes inaccurate decision, Twin-SVM finds two non-parallel hyper-planes so that each one is closer to the first class and is as far from the second class as possible. Our experiments are conducted on real heart disease dataset and many evaluation metrics have been considered to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Furthermore, a comparison between the proposed method and several well-known classifiers as well as the state-of-the-art methods has been performed. The obtained results proved that our proposed method based on Twin-SVM technique gives promising performances better than the state-of-the-art. This improvement can seriously reduce time, materials, and labor in healthcare services while increasing the final decision accuracy
Open Access
A Dynamic Invasive Weeds Optimization Applied to Null Control of Linear Antenna Arrays with Constrained DRR
(Université de M'sila, 2021) Elhadi Kenane; Haddi Bakhti; Miloud Bentoumi; Farid Djahli
In the present work, a dynamic stochastic method is proposed and used for the synthesis of uniform linear antenna arrays. The proposed method combines the classical invasive weeds optimization (IWO) and the mutation process, which makes it robust, simple and shows flexibility to be adapted. The dynamic IWO applies the mutation process in the calculation of standard deviation during the spatial dispersal process of produced seeds while keeping the mean at the parent plants. In the mutation process, if special conditions were achieved, the standard deviation would be re-initialized. This proposed method tries to achieve an optimal array pattern by acting on the relative amplitude excitation of each element in the linear array for an optimal inter-element spacing. The optimal array pattern has deep or broad nulls in some directions of interferences with low sidelobes level. The objective of the synthesis is to get amplitude excitations with low dynamic range ratio (DRR), which facilitates the design of beamforming feed network. To illustrate the robustness of the proposed method, numerical examples are presented and compared with the obtained results using bees algorithm (BA), bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA), real genetic algorithm (RGA), and the corresponding reference array pattern for each example
Open Access
Optimal control of grid-connected microgrid PV-based source under partially shaded conditions
(Université de M'sila, 2021-04-13) Amar, Guichi
Microgrids are gaining increasing attention globally and becoming increasingly powered by photovoltaic (PV) systems, thereby requiring high-efficiency control to function as a microgrid distributed generation unit. Accordingly, this study presents an optimal control of a grid-connected Microgrid PV Source (MPVS) under partially shaded conditions. The objective is to ensure the MPVSs ability to rapidly and precisely deliver the amount of power assigned by the supervisory controller. Thus, MPVS must shift rapidly and smoothly between the maximum and intermediate power point modes. The proposed system is composed of PV array, grid emulators, and two converters coupled to a common DC bus. The control strategy of the boost converter is based on the combination of two algorithms: particle swarm optimization algorithm and the proposed intermediate power point tracker algorithm. The voltage source inverter is controlled to keep the DC bus voltage constant and inject the power to the grid, in which the voltage-oriented control technique is applied and combined with the phase-locked loop algorithm for voltage synchronization. Lastly, all control algorithms are implemented in a DSpace 1104 environment and largely tested under various partially shaded patterns.
Open Access
Multimodal Biometric Verification using the Iris and Major Finger Knuckles
(2021) Abderrahmane Herbadji; Noubeil Guermat; Lahcene Ziet; Mohamed Cheniti
The drawbacks of unimodal biometric systems such as non-universality, noisy sensor data and spoofing can be mitigated using multiple biometric traits. In this study, a novel multibiometric system to authenticate users based on their major knuckle finger patterns using four fingers (i.e., little, ring, middle, and index) and iris is proposed. A local texture descriptor namely binarized statistical image features (BSIF) has been employed to extract the features for each of the biometric traits considered in order to improve biometric-based personal verification. The comparison results on PolyU contactless hand dorsal images database and IIT Delhi-1 iris database indicate that the proposed multibiometric authentication with grouping function based score fusion outperforms the existing transformation-based fusion approaches in literature (e.g., tnorms, symmetric-sum), attaining a correct recognition rate of 95.54%
Open Access
Restoration of stained old manuscripts via a hybrid wavelet and bilateral filtering system
(Université de M'sila, 2021) Khadidja Kaibiche; Slami Saadi; Djamel Chikouche; Zoubida Messali
The conservation and restoration of old stained manuscripts is an activity devoted to the preservation and protection of things of historical and personal significance made mainly from paper, parchment, and skin. We present in this paper a hybrid implementation for de-noising and restoration of old degraded and stained manuscripts. This implementation is based on the statistical dependence of the wavelet coefficients of type Ortho-normal Wavelet Thresholding Algorithm based on the principle of Stein’s Unbiased Risk-Estimate Linear Expansion of Thresholds (OWT SURE-LET) and the synergy with bilateral filtering. First, the non-biased quadratic risk Stein estimator is applied to de-noise images corrupted by white Gaussian noise. In a second step, an improved bilateral filter is introduced to smooth and eliminate unnecessary details with the advantage of preserving edges between image regions. Obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed synergy compared to separated approaches both on gray scale images and stained old manuscript.