ANALYSE GÉNÉTIQUE ET VARIABILITÉ PHÉNOTYPIQUE DE LA SÉLECTION BASÉE SUR LES CARACTÈRES AGRO-MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGIQUES DE POPULATIONS AVANCÉES DE BLÉ DUR (TRITICUM DURUM DESF.), CULTIVÉES EN CONDITIONS SEMI-ARIDES
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Université de M'sila
Abstract
This study was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station of the Technical Institute of Field Crops (AESTI_FC) of Sétif during the campaigns: 2016/17 and 2017/18. it concerns the behavior of eight (08) varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) compared to “Waha” cultivar as a control.
Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the campaign, genotype, and interaction effects (genotype x campaigns) for thirteen measured variables, apart from the relative water content.
Methods: The experiment was carried out in a randomized block device with 4 repetitions. The basic plot is 6 rows x 5 m long x 0.20 m inter-row spacing. The cultivation techniques recommended for the region were followed for setting up the experiment. The measurements and notations made during the culture cycle relate to the thirteen factors studied.
Results : The observed variability is greater for the parameters grain yield, biomass, ear fertility, straw, and economic yields, chlorophyll content and cell integrity, for which the coefficient of variation is greater than 10%. Heritability is high for the number of kernels per ear and the chlorophyll content; the average for the weight of 1000 grains, low for grain yield, biomass, and economic yield and zero for the rest of the variables measured. The results also show that the agro-morphological characters are significantly related to each other, unlike the physiological characters which show little connection between them and with the agro-morphological characters. This suggests that among the varieties evaluated, the selection of those which are tolerant and with a high yield potential should, therefore, be done on a case-by-case basis and not on the basis of a specific physiological trait, a marker of tolerance, highly correlated with yield grain. The nine varieties evaluated are subdivided into three divergent clusters of three varieties each. Cluster C1 is made up of the least performing varieties, unlike the other two clusters which provide appreciable gains for several characteristics including grain yield, biomass, 1000 grain weight, straw yield, and ear fertility. A marked improvement in the chlorophyll content and an appreciable reduction in damage to the cell membrane by heat stress were noted.
Conclusion: Following their divergence, it is suggested to use the varieties of the C2 and C3 clusters in crossing with the varieties of the C1 cluster to improve and reconcile stress tolerance and yield potential in the same genetic background
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Keywords
Durum wheat / Hierarchical classification / Characteristics / Correlation / Heritability