التراث العمراني والمعماري كمكون أساسي للهوية ـ حالة مدينة المسيلة القديمة
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Date
2023
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جامعة باتنة 1
Abstract
يمثل التراث العمراني والمعماري الشاهد المتبقي على الحضارات الإنسانية المتعاقبة، والتي من خلالها يمكننا معرفة أدق التفاصيل حول خصائص و مدى تقدم هذه المجتمعات. صحيح أن العوامل الطبيعية مثل الموقع والتضاريس والمناخ تؤثر على التصميم العمراني و المعماري. لكن العوامل القيمية التي تميز هذه المجتمعات هي الأكثر تأثيرا. لذلك فإن الطراز العمراني والمعماري مرآة تعكس مقومات هوية كل حضارة ، وتسعى من خلال مدى قوتها وهيمنتها إلى نشرها على العالم إن أمكن.
إن المبدأ السائد القائم على أن الحضارة الإنسانية واحدة ، وهي فعل تراكمي كما يُراد تسويقه من وجهة نظر التي تتبنى العولمة حقيقة لكن الثقافات تختلف باختلاف مرجعيات كل مجتمع. تسعى كل مرجعية للهيمنة و طمس باقي المرجعيات و لقد عبر عنه العلامة ابن خلدون بنظرية "تقليد المغلوب للغالب " . هذا ما نراه في أمثلة حية للتمييز في تعامل المستعمر الفرنسي مع التراث العمراني والمعماري الروماني في الجزائر و ما سواه من تراث محلي ، الذي يعتبر نفسه وريثه لأنه يتماشى مع هويته وقيمه الثقافية والمجتمعية ، حيث عمل على عده وتوثيقه وعملوا على تسجيله ضمن التراث العالمي في المقابل إهمال حتى مدن و حواضر ذاع صيتها و كانت عواصم لدول عبر التاريخ الحافل للجزائر كقلعة بني حماد بالمسيلة و المنصورة في تلمسان.و لقد عمل على خنق وطمس باق التراث العمراني والمعماري المحلي فالعديد من القصبات في قسنطينة والعاصمة وتلمسان والقصور الصحراوية والمداشر الجبلية في الأوراس والقبائل شاهدة على هذا التمييز.إن فرض نمط العمراني والمعماري الاستعماري على أطراف المدن الجزائرية بعقلية التفوق والسيطرة يهدف التشكيك في هوية وتراث الجزائريين و حتى التنصل لطمس هويتهم وتسهيل دمجهم .
نحاول في مداخلتنا ، من خلال حالة الدراسة ، إبراز ارتباط العمران والعمارة بعناصر الهوية وفعالية التصميم الحضري والمعماري لمدننا القديمة ، وفق نهج يحقق تكامل القيم الثقافية والمجتمعية مع القدرات الاقتصادية في تناغم تام مع بيئتها الطبيعية ، حيث كانت رائدة في تحقيق مفهوم التنمية المستدامة. نحن نفتقد هذا النهج في إعداد المشاريع الحضرية بمبررات غير الموضوعية
The urban and architectural heritage represents the remaining witness to successive human civilizations, through which we can know the smallest details about these societies' characteristics and extent of progress. It is true that natural factors such as location, topography, and climate influence urban and architectural design. But the value factors that characterize these societies are the most influential. Therefore, the urban and architectural style is a mirror that reflects the elements of the identity of every civilization, and seeks through the .extent of its strength and dominance to spread it over the world if possible The prevailing principle based on that human civilization is one, and it is a cumulative act as it is intended to be marketed from the point of view that embraces globalization as a fact, but cultures differ according to the different references of each society. Each reference seeks to dominate and obliterate the rest of the references, and the scholar Ibn Khaldun expressed it with the theory of "the imitation of the vanquished to the victor." This is what we see in live examples of discrimination in the French colonizer’s dealings with the Roman urban and architectural heritage in Algeria and other local heritage, which considers itself his heir because it is in line with his identity and cultural and societal values, as he worked on counting and documenting it, and they worked on registering it within the world heritage in return. Neglecting even cities and metropolises that became famous and were the capitals of countries throughout the rich history of Algeria, such as the Bani Hammad castle in M’sila and Mansoura in Tlemcen. And it worked to stifle and obliterate the rest of the local urban and architectural heritage. Numerous kasbahs in Constantine, the capital, Tlemcen, desert palaces, and mountain schools in the Aures and the tribes bear witness. On this distinction. The imposition of the colonial urban and architectural pattern on the outskirts of Algerian cities with a mentality of superiority and control aims to question the identity and heritage of Algerians and even to .avoid obliterating their identity and facilitating their integration In our intervention, through the case study, we try to highlight the link between urbanism and architecture with the elements of identity and the effectiveness of urban and architectural design for our ancient cities, according to an approach that achieves the integration of cultural and societal values with economic capabilities in perfect harmony with its natural environment, as it was a pioneer in achieving the concept of sustainable development. We miss this approach .in preparing urban projects with non-objective justifications
The urban and architectural heritage represents the remaining witness to successive human civilizations, through which we can know the smallest details about these societies' characteristics and extent of progress. It is true that natural factors such as location, topography, and climate influence urban and architectural design. But the value factors that characterize these societies are the most influential. Therefore, the urban and architectural style is a mirror that reflects the elements of the identity of every civilization, and seeks through the .extent of its strength and dominance to spread it over the world if possible The prevailing principle based on that human civilization is one, and it is a cumulative act as it is intended to be marketed from the point of view that embraces globalization as a fact, but cultures differ according to the different references of each society. Each reference seeks to dominate and obliterate the rest of the references, and the scholar Ibn Khaldun expressed it with the theory of "the imitation of the vanquished to the victor." This is what we see in live examples of discrimination in the French colonizer’s dealings with the Roman urban and architectural heritage in Algeria and other local heritage, which considers itself his heir because it is in line with his identity and cultural and societal values, as he worked on counting and documenting it, and they worked on registering it within the world heritage in return. Neglecting even cities and metropolises that became famous and were the capitals of countries throughout the rich history of Algeria, such as the Bani Hammad castle in M’sila and Mansoura in Tlemcen. And it worked to stifle and obliterate the rest of the local urban and architectural heritage. Numerous kasbahs in Constantine, the capital, Tlemcen, desert palaces, and mountain schools in the Aures and the tribes bear witness. On this distinction. The imposition of the colonial urban and architectural pattern on the outskirts of Algerian cities with a mentality of superiority and control aims to question the identity and heritage of Algerians and even to .avoid obliterating their identity and facilitating their integration In our intervention, through the case study, we try to highlight the link between urbanism and architecture with the elements of identity and the effectiveness of urban and architectural design for our ancient cities, according to an approach that achieves the integration of cultural and societal values with economic capabilities in perfect harmony with its natural environment, as it was a pioneer in achieving the concept of sustainable development. We miss this approach .in preparing urban projects with non-objective justifications
Description
الملتقى الوطني الثالث حو التراث المعماري والعمراني بالجزائر " أساس تربوي وكفاءة معمارية عمرانية " مخبر " الطفل، المدينة والبيئة " جامعة باتنة 1 يومي : 10/09/ماي2023
Keywords
التراث, الهوية, المشاريع العمرانية, المدينة القديمة, المسيلة