Browsing by Author "MESSAOUDI Noura"

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    ANALYSE GÉNÉTIQUE ET VARIABILITÉ PHÉNOTYPIQUE DE LA SÉLECTION BASÉE SUR LES CARACTÈRES AGRO-MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGIQUES DE POPULATIONS AVANCÉES DE BLÉ DUR (TRITICUM DURUM DESF.), CULTIVÉES EN CONDITIONS SEMI-ARIDES
    (Université de M'sila, 2021) MESSAOUDI Noura; BENDERRADJI Laid; BRINI Faical; BENMAHAMMED Amar; BOUZERZOUR Hamenna
    This study was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station of the Technical Institute of Field Crops (AESTI_FC) of Sétif during the campaigns: 2016/17 and 2017/18. it concerns the behavior of eight (08) varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) compared to “Waha” cultivar as a control. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the campaign, genotype, and interaction effects (genotype x campaigns) for thirteen measured variables, apart from the relative water content. Methods: The experiment was carried out in a randomized block device with 4 repetitions. The basic plot is 6 rows x 5 m long x 0.20 m inter-row spacing. The cultivation techniques recommended for the region were followed for setting up the experiment. The measurements and notations made during the culture cycle relate to the thirteen factors studied. Results : The observed variability is greater for the parameters grain yield, biomass, ear fertility, straw, and economic yields, chlorophyll content and cell integrity, for which the coefficient of variation is greater than 10%. Heritability is high for the number of kernels per ear and the chlorophyll content; the average for the weight of 1000 grains, low for grain yield, biomass, and economic yield and zero for the rest of the variables measured. The results also show that the agro-morphological characters are significantly related to each other, unlike the physiological characters which show little connection between them and with the agro-morphological characters. This suggests that among the varieties evaluated, the selection of those which are tolerant and with a high yield potential should, therefore, be done on a case-by-case basis and not on the basis of a specific physiological trait, a marker of tolerance, highly correlated with yield grain. The nine varieties evaluated are subdivided into three divergent clusters of three varieties each. Cluster C1 is made up of the least performing varieties, unlike the other two clusters which provide appreciable gains for several characteristics including grain yield, biomass, 1000 grain weight, straw yield, and ear fertility. A marked improvement in the chlorophyll content and an appreciable reduction in damage to the cell membrane by heat stress were noted. Conclusion: Following their divergence, it is suggested to use the varieties of the C2 and C3 clusters in crossing with the varieties of the C1 cluster to improve and reconcile stress tolerance and yield potential in the same genetic background
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    Etude des mécanismes de tolérance aux stress abiotiques chez quelques variétés de blé (Triticum sp
    (Université de M'sila, 2021) MESSAOUDI Noura
    The objective of this study is, on the one hand, to study the mechanism of tolerance to abiotic stress in some varieties of wheat (Triticum sp.). To do this, a global strategy was followed, combining phenotypic and genotypic studies by integrating different agro-morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular characters. The study provided an overview of the behavior of 25 varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) with respect to water deficit and to distinguish the varieties least affected by this constraint. The results obtained following the statistical analyzes carried out demonstrated a large genotypic variability for the majority of the characteristics studied. Analysis of the links between the variables measured in the genotypes indicates that the yield is the result of three main components which are the number of ears, that of kernels / ear and the weight of the kernel. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows that productivity is related to high values for grain per plant yield, number of seeds per ear, weight of ears and plant height, while the traits of adaptation are high aboveground biomass, reduced leaf area, high plant cover temperature and low relative water content. The morpho-physiological parameters studied in the genotypes, subjected to the same conditions of water stress, made it possible to reveal a significant genotypic variability and significant differences exist between the lines evaluated and the treatment and for the interaction between "variety * treatment" for the variables measured. The results obtained indicate that from a morpho-physiological and biochemical point of view, cultivars develop different strategies to counter water stress. Thus under moderate stress, maintains a level of growth similar to that of the irrigated control. In contrast, most varieties are more sensitive to severe water stress. The results of the molecular analysis highlight the strategies adopted by the different varieties to counter water and salt stress. The expression of these genes remains; however, dependent on the genotype used the intensity and duration of the stress involved and the nature of the stress.