Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles and Sonchus maritimus Aqueous Extract Nanoforme in Animal Model of Experimental Metabolic Syndrome
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Date
2024
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Université Mohamed Boudiaf - M’Sila
Abstract
This investigation aimed to study the biosynthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles using Sonchus maritimus extract (SmE-SeNPs) and Sonchus maritimus extract-loaded niosomes (SmE-N) and their impact on experimental metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rats. S. maritimus extract, niosomes and SeNPs were characterized using standard techniques including LC-MS, GC, SEM and TEM analysis. Further, in-vitro biological activities of S. maritimus extract and SeNPs were assessed. In the in-vivo study, thirty-six males’ albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=6); healthy rats (Control), untreated MetS rats received high fructose diet (HFD), MetS rats treated with S. maritimus extract-loaded niosomes (SmE-N), MetS rats treated with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), MetS rats treated with SeNPs and S. maritimus extract-loaded niosomes (SeNPs-SmE-N), MetS rats treated with metformin (Met). MetS was induced by oral administration of diet contain 35% fructose for 13 weeks. The rats were received treatments via intraperitoneal route for four weeks. Phytochemical and chromatographic findings revealed that S. maritimus contains the majority of the main active compounds, including, flavonoids, phenolic acids and volatile compounds of various kinds. Our characterization results of SmE-SeNPs showed a spherical shape with very small size (7.154±0.47 nm), with high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antibacterial and anticancer properieties without any toxicity in rats. Niosomes that encapsulate S. maritimus extract appeared with a diameter around 208.04±9.74 nm. In vivo results, experimental MetS group (HFD) showed important alterations in the most of biochemical markers and lipid profile with very significant decrease (P<0.001) in hepatic glycogen. The behavior of rats and brain AChE activity were significantly modified (P<0.001). Additionally, the hematological analysis revealed that high fructose diet induced perturbation in erythrogram profile by significant decline (P<0.001). While, the protein levels were significantly increased (P<0.01) in different organs, compared to control rats. Furthermore, the oxidative stress balance in the liver, brain, heart, kidney, and testiculs was adversely affected by an increase in MDA and a decrease in GSH levels, GPx and SOD activities compared to control group. On the other hand, the histological investigation revealed some abnormalities in the mentioned tissue of HFD group, as compared with the control. Treating animals by SmE-N and SeNPs provided partial improvement and restoration of the previous parameters. The combination of the both nanotherapies has proven highly effectiveness. We conclude that SmE-SeNPs have a big in vitro pharmacological action and in vivo combined with niosomes a high powerful against MetS induced by high fructose diet, which opening the new opportunities for the application of nanotherapy in this field.
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Keywords
Metabolic syndrome, Oxidative stress, Sonchus maritimus, Niosomes, SmE-SeNPs, Characterization, Phytochemicals, Biological activities.